Improving nematode culture techniques and their effects on amino acid profile with considerations on production costs ( tested with of 11 different culture media )

By B. H. Buck1,2, J. Bruggemann € 3 , M. Hundt4 , A. A. Bischoff5 , B. Grote1 , S. Strieben1 and W. Hagen6 

1 Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany; 2 University of Applied Science, Bremerhaven, Germany; 3 Institute for Marine Resources (IMARE), Bremerhaven, Germany; 4 Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany; 5 Lehrstuhl fur Aquakultur und Sea-Ranching, € Agrar- und Umweltwissenschaftliche Fakultat der Universit € at Rostock, Rostock, Germany; € 6 Marine Zoology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

In recent years several species of nematodes have been identified as possibly suitable alternatives to Artemia nauplii (Bruggemann, 2012). The non-parasitic soil nematode € Panagrellus redivivus has received particular attention. This nematode can reproduce rapidly and provide large biomass yields (Ricci et al., 2003). According to Wilkenfeld et al. (1984), the production is about 30% cheaper compared to Artemia culture. Additionally, the fatty acid profiles and the lipid contents are extremely variable, depending on the culture media used (Schlechtriem et al., 2004a,b), in P. redivivus between 2.7 and 39.8% with regard to the total lipid content (Rouse et al., 1992; Schlechtriem et al., 2005). The amino acid profile of this nematode species is similar to Artemia (Biedenbach et al., 1989; Lavens and Sorgeloos, 1996; Santiago et al., 2003) and to frozen zooplankton (Schlechtriem et al., 2004b). These advantages pr

These advantages prompted aquaculturists to evaluate the suitability of P. redivivus as a live food for feeding to different types of fish and/or shrimp. It has been shown that the use of P. redivivus in co-feeding regimes of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) can enhance larval growth in comparison to larvae fed a dry diet. Kahan et al. (1980) and Schlechtriem et al. (2004a) found that P. redivivus led to decent survival rates in larvae of common carp (C. carpio). However, it must be noted that although P. redivivus seems to reach acceptable performance rates in feeding regimes of some fish species, most studies show that the survival and growth is lower than in fish fed with Artemia nauplii (see Bruggemann 2012, for € details).

Regarding the feeding of shrimp larvae in contrast to fish larvae, nematode performance is shown to be equal or even superior compared to Artemia nauplii. Biedenbach et al. (1989) raised Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) larvae on nematodes and showed that the larvae fed with different nematode densities grew faster or were at least similar in comparison to an Artemia diet. Also in Pacific white shrimp larvae, Focken et al. (2006) showed that there was little difference in survival when fed either nematodes or Artemia and that larvae grew almost as fast as with Artemia in high enough nematode densities (100–150 Ind. ml1 ). Wilkenfeld et al. (1984) found nematodes to be an excellent food for larvae of northern brown shrimp (Farfantepenaeus aztecus), northern white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus), as well as Paci- fic white shrimp. Culture performance of shrimp larvae could also be improved by improving the fatty acid profiles of nematodes by enrichment with different types of oils (Kumlu et al., 1998). Nematodes (+algae) led to higher survival rates in Indian prawn (Fenneropenaeus indicus) than with a diet of algae and Artemia.


Full infomation / Retrieved from https://epic.awi.de/37703/1/Buck_2015_JAI.pdf