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Saturday, September 23, 2017
Friday, June 2, 2017
Veison ( Malaysia) DX3 Disc Brake Lock for Bike & Motorcycle
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☎CONTACT :
+6 017-5522128
💳KAEDAH PEMBAYARAN:
1. online bankin @ MAYBANK 557054615887 PEEOS AQUATIC
2. Tunai (COD) @ 42B Sri Saujana, Gat Lebuh Macallum, 10300 Georgetown, Penang.
MASA PENGHANTARAN:
1. Mengepos dalam 5 hari bekerja, masa buat pos hanya sekali 8am setiap hari berkerja.
2. COD lepas malam 8pm setelah membuat appointment.
TERMA AND SYARAT:
- Boleh minta repos sekiranya rosak dlm 7 hari menerima ( dikira hari menerima ikuti pos sistem, dan kos hantar balik ditanggung pembeli, pembeli perlu hantar semua barangan)
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Wednesday, March 8, 2017
The Yeast 酵母菌 ( Yis )
The Yeast
酵母菌
根據荷蘭Lodder & Kreger-van Rij 所著
“The Yeasts, A Taxonomy Study”
1. 形態
2. 對硝酸鹽或碳源的利用
3. 對糖的發酵性
形態與大小：
因酵母種類不同而不同，同 一種也會因培養條件或發育 時期不同而有異，一般直徑 約在5 µm，顯微鏡40X及 100X接物鏡下皆可觀察到。
增殖法：
主要為營養增殖(出芽生殖 (budding))，偶而行子囊胞子 (ascus and ascospore)來增殖。
complete ready / retreieved from http://faculty.stust.edu.tw/~c5200999/%C1%BF%B8q/%A4W%BA%F4%C1%BF%B8q%A2w04%20%BB%C3%A5%C0%B5%DF%A4%C0%C3%FE.pdf
For mass production of nematode Panagrellus redivivus, brewer’s yeast is suitable as food source.
Fish Production
Although aquaculture in world is increasing constantly, it is still facing problems due to limited supply of raw material for fish feed (Tacon and Metian, 2008). For promoting normal growth of fish, proper nutrition plays a key role. In certain fish production, Brewer’s yeast is used as a fish feed (Nayar et al. 1998). Food industries (e.g. dairies and slaughterhouse) release waste-water, which contains considerable amounts of proteins and fats. Conversion of fat into yeast biomass could be beneficial, because yeast biomass can be use as fish feed. Different carbon sources including glycerol have been used for the highest growth yield of C. trophicals (Rydin et al. 1990). Brewer’s yeast has different immunostimulating compounds e.g. nucleic acid, b-glucans and mannan oligosaccharides (White et al. 2002). These compounds may enhance growth of different fish species and therefore can serve as best health promoters for fish culture (Lara-Flores et al. 2002). For mass production of nematode Panagrellus redivivus, brewer’s yeast is suitable as food source. This nematode is used as a source of food for feeding farm fish (Ricci et al. 2003).
continue read from http://stud.epsilon.slu.se/3578/1/Fawad%20Khan%20201112.pdf
Although aquaculture in world is increasing constantly, it is still facing problems due to limited supply of raw material for fish feed (Tacon and Metian, 2008). For promoting normal growth of fish, proper nutrition plays a key role. In certain fish production, Brewer’s yeast is used as a fish feed (Nayar et al. 1998). Food industries (e.g. dairies and slaughterhouse) release waste-water, which contains considerable amounts of proteins and fats. Conversion of fat into yeast biomass could be beneficial, because yeast biomass can be use as fish feed. Different carbon sources including glycerol have been used for the highest growth yield of C. trophicals (Rydin et al. 1990). Brewer’s yeast has different immunostimulating compounds e.g. nucleic acid, b-glucans and mannan oligosaccharides (White et al. 2002). These compounds may enhance growth of different fish species and therefore can serve as best health promoters for fish culture (Lara-Flores et al. 2002). For mass production of nematode Panagrellus redivivus, brewer’s yeast is suitable as food source. This nematode is used as a source of food for feeding farm fish (Ricci et al. 2003).
continue read from http://stud.epsilon.slu.se/3578/1/Fawad%20Khan%20201112.pdf
LARVAL FEED ALTERNATIVES INTRODUCTION
LARVAL FEED ALTERNATIVES
Phil Boeing
CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Algae Rotifers
• Artemia nauplii
• Ongrown Artemia
• Nematodes
• Crustacean
• Tissue Suspension
• Summary
• Rotifers
• Artemia nauplii
• Nematodes Algae
• Crustacean tissue suspension
• Recommendations
INTRODUCTION
There are two major reasons why non-living produced feeds for rearing larvae of aquatic animals do not yet have an advantage over live food organism. These are: rapid deterioration of water quality due to disintegration of micropellets, which are usually fed in excess in order to achieve satisfactory growth and survival; high mortality rates, due to malnutrition and/or incomplete digestion of diet components. Cultivation of larval stages of various aquaculture species is still highly dependent on live food which is for herbivorous larvae, like molluscs and crustaceans, a fairly understood task. Many more difficulties have to be faced when live food animals are required, as is mainly the case in fish rearing, but holds true for latter stages of crustacean larvae as well. The reason why live food is so essential for larval growth has not yet been clearly defined. Enzymes present in phyto and zooplankton but not synthesized by the physiological system of a larvae are probably important. Also of importance are several essential biochemical compounds such as poly-unsaturated fatty acids, most of which have been defined as to species requirements. Primary producers of these fatty acids such as algae and bacteria form the base of the trophic pyramid, and as such constitute the largest link in the aquatic food chain. The largescale, intensive production of microalgae and rotifers suffers from two major problems: it is expensive and often unreliable. Contributing to the problem is the fact that designs used for experimental and pilot scale units, which are the bulk of the published research, are usually inappropriate for larger system because of logistical problems, prohibitive cost of materials, or diminishing surface area to volume relationships which affect scale up performance. Scale up problems can arise in the bulk handling of materials such as animals, water and feeds which in a restricted laboratory situation are easily transported and held in small containers. Carrying out necessary life support functions can also become complicated, since daily work routines for large numbers of animals quickly becomes prohibitive. Routine maintenance and cleaning of culture units, while trivial in the laboratory becomes a major problem with increased scale. As hatchery managers try to stem the rising costs of production, the economic cultivation of live feeds or some alternative becomes ever more important. The sections that follow will attempt to illuminate various options and potentials for larval penaeid shrimp feeds. The summary section will then rate the most cost effective choices for management consideration.
continue read from http://www.aquafauna.com/LARVAL%20FEED%20ALTERNATIVES.pdf
Phil Boeing
CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Algae Rotifers
• Artemia nauplii
• Ongrown Artemia
• Nematodes
• Crustacean
• Tissue Suspension
• Summary
• Rotifers
• Artemia nauplii
• Nematodes Algae
• Crustacean tissue suspension
• Recommendations
INTRODUCTION
There are two major reasons why non-living produced feeds for rearing larvae of aquatic animals do not yet have an advantage over live food organism. These are: rapid deterioration of water quality due to disintegration of micropellets, which are usually fed in excess in order to achieve satisfactory growth and survival; high mortality rates, due to malnutrition and/or incomplete digestion of diet components. Cultivation of larval stages of various aquaculture species is still highly dependent on live food which is for herbivorous larvae, like molluscs and crustaceans, a fairly understood task. Many more difficulties have to be faced when live food animals are required, as is mainly the case in fish rearing, but holds true for latter stages of crustacean larvae as well. The reason why live food is so essential for larval growth has not yet been clearly defined. Enzymes present in phyto and zooplankton but not synthesized by the physiological system of a larvae are probably important. Also of importance are several essential biochemical compounds such as poly-unsaturated fatty acids, most of which have been defined as to species requirements. Primary producers of these fatty acids such as algae and bacteria form the base of the trophic pyramid, and as such constitute the largest link in the aquatic food chain. The largescale, intensive production of microalgae and rotifers suffers from two major problems: it is expensive and often unreliable. Contributing to the problem is the fact that designs used for experimental and pilot scale units, which are the bulk of the published research, are usually inappropriate for larger system because of logistical problems, prohibitive cost of materials, or diminishing surface area to volume relationships which affect scale up performance. Scale up problems can arise in the bulk handling of materials such as animals, water and feeds which in a restricted laboratory situation are easily transported and held in small containers. Carrying out necessary life support functions can also become complicated, since daily work routines for large numbers of animals quickly becomes prohibitive. Routine maintenance and cleaning of culture units, while trivial in the laboratory becomes a major problem with increased scale. As hatchery managers try to stem the rising costs of production, the economic cultivation of live feeds or some alternative becomes ever more important. The sections that follow will attempt to illuminate various options and potentials for larval penaeid shrimp feeds. The summary section will then rate the most cost effective choices for management consideration.
continue read from http://www.aquafauna.com/LARVAL%20FEED%20ALTERNATIVES.pdf
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